Plataformização e o uso da informação para a criação de estímulos de consumo / Platformization and the use of information for the creation of consumption response / La plataformización y el uso de la información para crear estímulos al consumidor

Resumo Vivemos numa sociedade em que a existência está diretamente associada a visibilidade dos indivíduos. As construções narrativas que validam este processo trabalham com imagens e vídeos que projetam e constroem as nossas vivências em múltiplas plataformas digitais. Através delas é possível mapear boa parte de nossas ações e interações. Esses dados são valiosos indicativos de nosso comportamento social e emocional diante de variados temas e situações. As plataformas digitais utilizam essas informações na dinâmica do capitalismo de dados, extraindo valor a partir de mecanismos automatizados de coleta e operados por sujeitos algorítmicos. Por meio da organização de Big Data novos padrões de consumo são estimulados através de entregas customizadas para determinados grupos de pessoas interconectadas. Este estudo mostra as características deste processo operado em ambientes heterotópicos em que o espaço-tempo é formatado pela lógica das plataformas. Além disso, será apresentado um panorama sobre como esse artifício se tornou possível por causa da necessidade de relevância em que a autonomia do indivíduo nas redes é proporcional a sua submissão as regras de vigilância e exploração econômica. Através desta premissa este estudo apresenta dados recentes sobre a relação de confiança dos brasileiros nestas plataformas digitais que, paradoxalmente, ocupam lugar de destaque como fonte de informação primordial para boa parte da população no Brasil.

Abstract We live in a society in which the existence is directly associated with the visibility of the individuals. The narrative constructions that validate these processes work with images and videos that project and build our experiences on multiple digital platforms. Through them it is possible to map part of our actions and interactions. These data are valuable indicators of our social and emotional behavior in the face of many themes and situations. Digital platforms use this information in the dynamic of data capitalism, extracting value from automated collection mechanisms operated by algorithmic subjects. Through the Big Data organization, consumption patterns are stimulated through customized deliveries for certain groups of interconnected people. This study shows the characteristics of this process operated in heterotopic environments in which space-time is operated by the platform logic. In addition to that, an overview will be presented on how this artifice became possible because of the need for relevance in which the individuals autonomy in networks is proportional to their submission to the rules of surveillance and economic exploitation. Through this premise, this study also presents recent data on the trust relationship of Brazilians in these digital platforms that, paradoxically, occupy a prominent place as a primary source of information for a large part of the population in Brazil.

Resumen Vivimos en una sociedad en la que la existencia está directamente asociada a la visibilidad de los individuos. Las construcciones narrativas que validan este proceso funcionan con imágenes y vídeos que proyectan y construyen nuestras experiencias en múltiples plataformas digitales. A través de ellos es posible mapear la mayoría de nuestras acciones e interacciones. Estos datos son valiosos indicadores de nuestro comportamiento social y emocional ante diversos temas y situaciones. Las plataformas digitales utilizan esta información en la dinámica del capitalismo de datos, extrayendo valor de los mecanismos de recogida automatizada operados por sujetos algorítmicos. A través de la organización de Big Data se estimulan nuevos patrones de consumo mediante entregas personalizadas a determinados grupos de personas interconectadas. Este estudio muestra las características de este proceso operado en entornos heterotópicos en los que el espacio-tiempo está formateado por la lógica de las plataformas. Además, se presentará una visión general de cómo este artificio fue posible debido a la necesidad de relevancia en la que la autonomía del individuo en las redes es proporcional a su sometimiento a las reglas de vigilancia y explotación económica. A través de esta premisa, este estudio presenta datos recientes sobre la relación de confianza de los brasileños en estas plataformas digitales que, paradójicamente, ocupan un lugar destacado como fuente primaria de información para gran parte de la población en Brasil.

Use of epidemiologic data in Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessments.

In human health risk assessment, information from epidemiologic studies is typically utilized in the hazard identification step of the risk assessment paradigm. However, in the assessment of many chemicals by the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), epidemiologic data, both observational and experimental, have also been used in the derivation of toxicological risk estimates (i.e., reference doses [RfD], reference concentrations [RfC], oral cancer slope factors [CSF] and inhalation unit risks [IUR]). Of the 545 health assessments posted on the IRIS database as of June 2007, 44 assessments derived non-cancer or cancer risk estimates based on human data. RfD and RfC calculations were based on a spectrum of endpoints from changes in enzyme activity to specific neurological or dermal effects. There are 12 assessments with IURs based on human data, two assessments that extrapolated human inhalation data to derive CSFs and one that used human data to directly derive a CSF. Lung or respiratory cancer is the most common endpoint for cancer assessments based on human data. To date, only one chemical, benzene, has utilized human data for derivation of all three quantitative risk estimates (i.e., RfC, RfD, and dose-response modeling for cancer assessment). Through examples from the IRIS database, this paper will demonstrate how epidemiologic data have been used in IRIS assessments for both adding to the body of evidence in the hazard identification process and in the quantification of risk estimates in the dose-response component of the risk assessment paradigm.

Angel: post-implementation evaluation at the Indiana University School of Medicine.

With continued adoption of course management systems, librarians are assuming new roles and challenges with regard to providing information resources and library services in a digital environment. For approximately five years, the Indiana University School of Medicine has employed Angel as its online teaching environment, and the Ruth Lilly Medical Library has been actively involved in the adoption of Angel. As the implementation phase was completed, a post-implementation evaluation was due. The authors conducted an evaluation of the Angel system to evaluate utilization level, content types, and library resources/services integration. This article provides the findings of the post-implementation Angel Courses Evaluation.

Evaluating IAIMS at Yale: information access.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate use of information resources during the first year of IAIMS implementation at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center. The evaluation asked: (1) Which information resources are being used? (2) Who uses information resources? (3) Where are information resources used? (4) Are multiple sources of information being integrated? DESIGN: Measures included monthly usage data for resources delivered network-wide, in the Medical Library, and in the Hospital; online surveys of library workstation users; an annual survey of a random, stratified sample of Medical Center faculty, postdoctoral trainees, students, nurses, residents, and managerial and professional staff; and user comments. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent of the Medical Center community use networked information resources, and use of resources is increasing. Both status (faculty, student, nurse, etc.) and mission (teaching, research, patient care) affect use of individual resources. Eighty-eight percent of people use computers in more than one location, and increases in usage of traditional library resources such as MEDLINE are due to increased access from outside the Library. Both survey and usage data suggest that people are using multiple resources during the same information seeking session. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all of the Medical Center community is using networked information resources in more settings. It is necessary to support increased demand for information access from remote locations and to specific populations, such as nurses. People are integrating information from multiple sources, but true integration within information systems is just beginning. Other institutions are advised to incorporate pragmatic evaluation into their IAIMS activities and to share evaluation results with decision-makers.

Full-text document storage and retrieval in a clinical information system.

The overall design of the CIS at CPMC is heavily influenced by the decision support component. The type of automated decision support being implemented dictates the need for highly structured or coded data. The value of decision support systems has been well documented. The current reliance on free-text documents is natural and a rewarding first step to a more valuable mix of coded and free text. While the health care provider might find the textual comments of the various reports extremely useful, the capability of an automated system to vigilantly review every data element for trends and anomalies is becoming invaluable in today's ever more complex health care delivery environment. Other approaches such as optical imaging systems would facilitate human decision support, but do not supply data in a format that can be processed by automated decision support systems. The developers of the CIS at CPMC believe that data are most valuable when available for both human and automated decision support.

The impact of IAIMS at Georgetown: strategies and outcomes.

Integration of multiple information systems of a medical center will change the way physicians work and practice medicine in the future. Several major steps must be taken by an institution to make this a reality. Since 1983, Georgetown has been engaged in an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) project to bring together multiple sources of information that reside on different computers and database systems. Georgetown is developing a Biotechnology and Biomedical Knowledge Network that includes informational and clinical databases, scholar workstations, instruction on computer use, a campuswide network with local area network nodes, and a modular approach to systems integration. The IAIMS project, spearheaded by the medical library, has enabled a broad spectrum of health professionals to benefit directly from new, dynamic information services. The network is heavily used; in 1991, more than 2,100 individual users conducted more than 148,500 computer functions and more than 104,000 searches. There is economy of scale in high-volume use. Overall, the average search cost is $1.57; for high use databases the cost is $0.38, and for low use, it is $9.41. As described in this paper, IAIMS offers a cost-effective means of enhancing patient care by improving information services to physicians. At Georgetown, IAIMS has advanced the concept of integration, accelerated use of computers in education, increased user acceptance of advanced technologies, and established cost factors for providing information resources. While progress made in improving the transfer of medical information is impressive, it is clear that IAIMS requires several more years of support to achieve full implementation.

The integrated academic information management system at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.

Over the past seven years, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center has been planning and implementing an integrated academic information management system. Accomplishments to date include establishing an institutional information architecture, installing a campus-wide network of workstations, recruiting the staff needed to develop and implement the system, and developing various applications. This paper presents the rationale and steps involved in these accomplishments, as well as data on use of the system so far.

An initial assessment of the cost and utilization of the Integrated Academic Information System (IAIMS) at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center.

The concept of "one stop information shopping" is becoming a reality at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC). The goal of our effort is to provide access to university and hospital administrative systems as well as clinical and library applications from a single workstation, which also provides utility functions such as word processing and mail. Since June 1987, CPMC has invested the equivalent of $23 million dollars to install a digital communications network that encompasses 18 buildings at seven geographically separate sites and to develop clinical and library applications that are integrated with the existing hospital and university administrative and research computing facilities. During June 1991, 2425 different individuals used the clinical information system, 425 different individuals used the library applications, and 900 different individuals used the hospital administrative applications via network access. If we were to freeze the system in its current state, amortize the development and network installation costs, and add projected maintenance costs for the clinical and library applications, our integrated information system would cost $2.8 million on an annual basis. This cost is 0.3% of the medical center's annual budget. These expenditures could be justified by very small improvements in time savings for personnel and/or decreased length of hospital stay and/or more efficient use of resources. In addition to the direct benefits which we detail, a major benefit is the ease with which additional computer-based applications can be added incrementally at an extremely modest cost.